The former player: 'I really hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article includes details of discriminatory comments and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I really hoped to continue competing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just accept the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable attention on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the pitch with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to share their story then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and continue supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022